Results are out. They have gone quiet, or the message came with no punctuation, and now you are holding your phone trying to write something that does not make it worse.
Short answer: do not try to fix it yet. Say you know, say it is genuinely bad, and say nothing about next steps. Something like — “I saw. That is horrible and I am not going to pretend it is not. I am around all evening if you want to talk, and equally happy to talk about nothing.” The plan can wait until tomorrow. Today they just need someone not to flinch.
Thirty-eight messages below, sorted by who you are to them. Written for this page.
The first hour: what not to do

Do not solve it. “You can retake in October” is true and it is not what they need in the first hour. Solutions land as dismissal — they suggest the feeling is a problem to be cleared up rather than something reasonable to have.
Do not minimise it. “It is just an exam” is intended kindly and received as you are overreacting. For most people this is the first thing in their life that has visibly not worked, and in our families it is rarely a private matter.
Do not go quiet because you are unsure what to say. Saying the wrong thing is recoverable. Saying nothing on the day is the thing people remember years later.
Messages for a close friend

I saw. That is horrible and I am not going to pretend it is not. I am around all evening.
One paper decided one thing. It did not decide what you are worth.
Yaar, aaj kuch mat socho. Bas itna jaan lo ke main yahan hoon.
I am not going to give you a plan today. Tomorrow, if you want one, I am in.
You are allowed to be properly gutted about this. Take the day.
Ek result se tum badal nahi gaye. Jo tha wahi ho, bas aaj thaka hua.
I do not have anything useful to say. I just did not want you sitting with it alone.
Want company or want silence? Both are fine, just tell me which.
For a younger brother or sister
Different job. You are usually the buffer between them and the rest of the house.

Ghar mein sab se pehle main hoon jo keh raha hoon — yeh theek ho jayega. Baaki sab ko bolne do.
I failed things too. Nobody mentions it now. They will not mention this either.
Tum bura mehsoos kar rahe ho, yeh normal hai. Par yeh khatam nahi hai.
Whatever they say at dinner, I am on your side of the table.
Result aa gaya, zindagi nahi ruki. Chalo, kuch kha lete hain.
You do not have to explain yourself to me. Not even a little.
When the whole family already knows
The part no advice page covers. In most of our homes a result is not private — the phone starts ringing before the person has finished reading it.

Rishtedaron ko jawab dena tumhara kaam nahi hai. Jo poochein, unhe mujh par chhod do.
You do not owe anyone an explanation. Not the aunties, not the cousins, not anyone.
Agar koi poochta hai to keh dena — “dobara doonga” — aur baat khatam.
Everyone asking is asking out of habit, not concern. Give them one line and walk off.
Log do din baat karenge, phir bhool jayenge. Yeh hamesha aisa hi hota hai.
If it is your own child
They are watching your face before they read your message. That reaction is the thing they will remember, not the words.
I love you exactly as much as I did yesterday. Nothing about that is linked to a result.
Beta, natija dekh liya. Ab aao, khana kha lo. Baaki baad mein.
I am not disappointed in you. I am sorry this happened to you, which is a different thing.
We will work out what happens next together. Not today.
Tumse zyada tumhara dukh mujhe hai. Par sharminda hone ki koi wajah nahi.
You are twelve years old and this is one exam. I promise you this is survivable.
For a colleague or a professional exam
CSS, CA, medical boards, licensing papers. Adults fail these too, and get far less sympathy for it.
Sorry to hear. Those papers are brutal and the pass rates say so.
This says something about the exam, not about you as a professional.
Take the week. Nobody here thinks any less of you, and I mean that plainly.
Attempt do ya teen, farq nahi padta. Jo paas karta hai, wo bas rukta nahi.
What not to say

“I told you to study more.” Even if true, results day is the worst possible timing. It changes nothing and it closes the conversation permanently.
“It is just an exam.” Meant to relieve pressure, heard as your feelings are disproportionate.
“At least you passed the others.” Any sentence beginning “at least” asks someone to feel grateful while they are still winded.
“Look at what happened to X.” Comparison, in either direction, is not comfort.
“Everything happens for a reason.” Possibly. Not today.
Silence. The most common mistake by far, and the one that costs the most.
The message to send a week later
Everyone messages on results day. By the following week the house has moved on to other subjects and the person has not.

How are you actually doing? Everyone has moved on to talking about something else. I have not.
Ek hafta ho gaya. Ab sach batao — kaisa chal raha hai?
No agenda. Want to get out of the house for an hour?
If you want to talk about what happens next, I am here. If you do not, also fine.
If they do not seem okay
Most people are flattened for a few days and then start moving again. Sometimes it goes further than that.
If someone has stopped eating or sleeping, will not leave their room after a week or two, has gone completely silent on everyone, or says anything about not wanting to be here — that is past the point where the right response is a good message.
Stay close, say plainly that you are worried, and help them talk to someone who is equipped for it: a parent they trust, a teacher, a doctor, or a counsellor. You do not have to diagnose anything or have the right words. Staying present and getting another adult involved is the whole job.
It is a hard season in a lot of houses, and asking directly how someone is doing has never made things worse.
Questions people ask
What do you say to someone who failed an exam?
Acknowledge it plainly, say you are there, and do not offer a plan in the first conversation. “That is horrible and I am not going to pretend otherwise — I am around if you want to talk” does more than any encouragement. Advice lands as dismissal while the news is fresh.
Should I message them on results day or leave them alone?
Message. Say explicitly that they do not have to reply. Being left alone is very different from being forgotten, and on results day silence from friends reads as the second one.
What do I say if it is my own child?
Lead with the thing they are most afraid of losing: that your view of them has not changed. Say it directly rather than implying it, keep the conversation about next steps for another day, and if the wider family is asking questions, take that job off them entirely.
How do I help them deal with relatives asking?
Give them one short line to repeat — “I am retaking it” — and handle the rest yourself. Most people asking are making conversation rather than enquiring seriously, and being made to explain repeatedly is often harder than the result.
When is the right time to talk about what happens next?
Let them raise it, or wait several days and ask whether they want to. The gap between “I am ready to plan” and “I cannot think about this” is usually a few days, and pushing during that window sets the conversation back.